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R Clin Pharm 2024; 2(2): 73-81

Published online December 31, 2024 https://doi.org/10.59931/rcp.24.0010

Copyright © Asian Conference On Clinical Pharmacy.

Lessons From the International Exchange Program for Clinical Pharmacy at a University

Huong Tra Dang1* , Thi La Do1* , Khanh Linh Duong1 , Ngoc-Anh Thi Vu1 , Duc Tuan Cao2 , Nguyen Van Hung3 , Shaun Wen Huey Lee4 , Paul Chi-Lui Ho4 , Jong Seong Kang1 , Hwi-yeol Yun1,5,6 , Jung-woo Chae1,5,6 , Soyoung Lee1

1College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
3Faculty of Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
4School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
5Department of Bio-AI Convergence, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
6Convergence Research Center (CRC), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea

Correspondence to:Hwi-yeol Yun
E-mail hyyun@cnu.ac.kr
ORCID
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8793-2449

Jung-woo Chae
E-mail jwchae@cnu.ac.kr
ORCID
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6026-7063

Soyoung Lee
E-mail sy.lee@cnu.ac.kr
ORCID
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5799-4489

* These authors contributed equally to this study.

Received: December 19, 2024; Revised: December 25, 2024; Accepted: December 25, 2024

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The international practical training exchange program in clinical pharmacy at Chungnam National University equips pharmacy students and professionals with advanced clinical and research skills through immersive training in different healthcare environments. This program encompasses three core components—clinical pharmacy practice in hospital settings, clinical pharmacy practice in university settings, and research training within the College of Pharmacy—designed to develop clinical competencies, enhance patient-centered care, and foster interdisciplinary collaboration. Participants engage in clinical rotations, laboratory sessions, and active research projects, gaining insights to various international healthcare systems, including partnerships in Germany, Vietnam, Japan, and Malaysia. Based on student feedback and competency evaluations, the program assessment revealed significant improvement in patient assessment, medication management, interdisciplinary communication, and practical skills in pharmaceutical compounding, quality control, and analytical testing. Research training fosters a strong foundation in experimental design and scientific communication, and cross-cultural exposure enhances adaptability and global competence. This program offers a framework for comprehensive clinical pharmacy training aligned with international health standards, promoting cultural awareness, and preparing future pharmacists for the complexities of a globalized healthcare landscape. Future initiatives will include program expansion and evaluation of the long-term effects on participants’ professional growth.

KeywordsInternational exchange program; Clinical pharmacy; Pharmacy practice; Collaboration

Practical training exchange programs in clinical pharmacy are essential for developing competencies, fostering collaboration, and improving patient outcomes. These programs provide hands-on experience in various healthcare settings, helping pharmacy students and professionals adapt to modern demands. Research highlights the importance of experiential learning in enhancing clinical skills and advancing patient care practices [1].

Practical training in clinical pharmacy is essential for applying theoretical knowledge in real-world settings. Exchange programs expose professionals to diverse treatment protocols and patient populations, enhancing clinical competence. Experiential learning improves pharmacists’ skills in medication management, patient counseling, and collaboration [2]. Training exchanges also facilitate the transfer of knowledge and best practices between institutions, contributing to a higher standard of care across healthcare systems [1].

Practical training exchange programs in clinical pharmacy enhance experience and broaden perspectives by enabling professionals to work with diverse patient populations. This exposure to different regions and healthcare systems is vital for developing adaptive strategies for patient-centered care. Research shows it significantly improves pharmacists’ ability to manage complex cases, highlighting the importance of diverse perspectives in patient care [1].

Clinical pharmacy evolves through drug therapies, guidelines, and healthcare technologies advancements. Training exchanges expose pharmacists to innovative practices and research that enhance evidence-based care, improving health outcomes. This knowledge exchange fosters innovation and advances clinical pharmacy practice [1].

The primary goal of clinical pharmacy is to enhance patient outcomes through safe medication use. Practical training exchanges offer pharmacists hands-on experience in clinical settings, allowing them to improve their skills in medication therapy management and patient counseling. Research shows that experiential learning helps pharmacists identify and prevent medication errors, enhancing patient safety [2].

Chungnam National University (CNU) has expanded the international practical training program to improve and develop students’ and staffs’ professional skills and practical experience. This article aims to present highlights of the training program that the pharmacy school has been implementing and the direction of program development in the future.

Overview of the Overseas Practical Training Institutes

Over the years, CNU has cultivated a robust foundation in international collaboration within clinical pharmacy. The university fosters academic exchange, practical training, and research cooperation. These initiatives reflect CNU’s commitment to enhancing its educational and research frameworks on a global scale, ensuring that students benefit from a rich tapestry of experiences and perspectives offered by partner institutions worldwide.

CNU cultivated partnerships with esteemed universities and institutions worldwide in the initial stages of its international exchange initiatives. A noteworthy collaboration was established with the University of Münster in Germany [3], emphasizing joint research efforts and the reciprocal exchange of faculty and students. This partnership gave CNU students valuable opportunities to engage in clinical pharmacy practices within a European healthcare framework. The two organizations have collaborated to conduct two studies in the pharmaceutical field so far. The first study focused on the anti-protozoal activities of cembrane-type diterpenes derived from Vietnamese soft corals, highlighting their potential for discovering new lead compounds with anti-protozoal properties [4]. The second study aimed to identify the phenolic constituents of medicinal plants that exhibit activity against Trypanosoma brucei [5].

Additionally, CNU forged partnerships with Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy (HPMU) [6] and, later, Phenikka University in Vietnam [7]. These collaborations were rooted in shared academic goals and mutual knowledge exchange. They helped strengthen CNU’s understanding of the Asian healthcare system, particularly in Vietnam’s rapidly evolving pharmacy field. CNU and HPMU have collaborated on several studies, including the following: predicting the pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions of rivaroxaban [8], evaluating the clinical interaction between acetaminophen and Galgeuntang [9], designing molecular structures of anticancer drugs derived from marine fungi [10], exploring the biological activities of constituents from the sea cucumber-derived Aspergillus fumigatus [11], and sharing experiences in pharmacy education [12].

In addition, the school has expanded and has a relationship with the National University of Singapore, further opening rich student experiences. Singapore is also one of the countries that applies the most modern and updated technology in pharmacology and clinical pharmacology in the Asian region and the world in general. While some partnerships with institutions in China and Japan were initiated, they remained less developed than those with Germany and Vietnam. However, these early efforts laid the groundwork for potential future expansion.

Monash University Malaysia is a prestigious institution known for its strong programs in pharmacy and healthcare. The university focuses on innovation and practical learning, making it a valuable partner for international collaborations. Chungnam National University aims to strengthen ties with Munich University Malaysia through the international exchange program for clinical pharmacy, promoting academic opportunities, knowledge exchange, and cultural understanding in clinical pharmacy education.

Practical Training Exchange Period

The school has established a student exchange program to expand students’ knowledge and practical skills, specifically in clinical pharmacy. Since 2018, we have sent students to universities worldwide, fostering global partnerships with institutions such as Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy (Vietnam) and the University of Munster. This program broadens students’ academic horizons and connects them to a larger community of scholars.

Chungnam National University Pharmacy International Program

There are three types of courses in the international exchange program for international students visiting Chungnam National University [13].

-Type A: 1 week (short-term session for international students). This is a Short-term session for Winter break (approximately the first week in February), the main theme of the course will be lectures and hands-on workshops for clinical research (e.g., pharmacometrics, model-based meta-analysis, systematic review)

-Type B: 4 weeks (summer session for international students), approximately held early in July. It is a collaborative program between the pharmacy and the CNU International Affairs team (CNU-AIT).

-Type C: Around 15 weeks (long-term session for international students), it can be started every March or September; the students will attend mandatory pharmacy practices in graduate courses and Intensified pharmacy practice.

Over the years, CNU has actively engaged in an international exchange program (Table 1). This initiative allows students from other universities to visit and explore the principles of clinical pharmacy in Korea. Conversely, Korean students at CNU also can participate in global experiences and discover the latest advancements in their field. The mutual exchange of pharmacy students has significantly increased, with the exception of the COVID-19 period (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Number of students attending the international exchange program from 2018–2024.
**Expected number of students in 2025.

Table 1 International training practice program between CNU and international institutes

YearCountryInstitutionTypeNumber of
the students
From CNU2019VietnamHai Phong University of Medicine and PharmacySummer program4
2020GermanyWestfaliche Wilhelms-Universtat MunsterSpring program4
2022AmericanSUNY StonyBrook UniversitySummer program1
2023GermanyWestfaliche Wilhelms-Universtat MunsterSummer program4
2025Vietnam
Malaysia
Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Monash University Malaysia
Winter program10
2025GermanyWestfaliche Wilhelms-Universtat MunsterSummer program4
To CNU2018GermanyWestfaliche Wilhelms-Universtat MunsterA*2
2019VietnamHai Phong University of Medicine and PharmacyB*2
2019JapanNiigata University of Pharmacy and Medical and Life SciencesB*2
2024VietnamHai Phong University of Medicine and PharmacyB*4
2025Germany
Vietnam
Malaysia
Westfaliche Wilhelms-Universtat Munster
Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Phenikka University
Monash University Malaysia
A*17

*Type in CNU international exchange program for international students to CNU.

Chungnam National University is currently conducting an inter-university student exchange program. It not only strengthens the relationship between universities but also provides students with the practical benefits of acquiring new and updated research knowledge, focusing on developing the field of clinical pharmacy. The training generally focuses on the following areas: clinical pharmacy practice in hospital settings, clinical pharmacy practice in the College of Pharmacy settings, and research training in the College of Pharmacy practice.

Clinical Pharmacy Practice in the University Hospital

The program aims to provide students with the foundational knowledge and practical skills necessary for effective clinical pharmacy practice in hospitals.

Introduction to the hospital environment

The organizational structure of hospitals includes departments such as emergency services, inpatient care, outpatient services, and specialty units. It is essential to understand the roles of healthcare professionals, physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and allied health staff—and their patient contributions care through collaboration in multidisciplinary teams.

Clinical pharmacists are key members of these teams. They optimize medication therapy and educate healthcare professionals. They focus on individualized pharmacotherapy, ensuring that medication plans meet specific patient needs and integrating pharmacotherapy with overall treatment strategies.

Patient assessment and counseling

Enhancing active listening, empathy, and cultural competence to improve interactions with diverse patient populations. Focuses on clear and concise methods for conveying complex medication information to patients and families, emphasizing teach-back techniques for better comprehension and retention.

Providing guidelines for conducting comprehensive medication reviews. These reviews aim to identify therapeutic objectives, evaluate the appropriateness of prescribed medications, and recognize potential barriers to patient adherence. Developing the skills to create personalized therapeutic plans considering patient-specific factors, including age, comorbidities, and concurrent therapies.

Medication management practices

Educating healthcare professionals on the significance of medication reconciliation during care transitions, including admission, transfer, and discharge processes. Providing training on using clinical tools and resources to identify and manage potential drug-drug interactions, ensuring patient safety and therapeutic effectiveness.

They are employing targeted educational interventions to improve patients’ comprehension of their pharmacotherapy. This includes focusing on medication indications, dosing schedules, potential adverse effects, and strategies to enhance adherence. They also utilize evidence-based approaches to evaluate and promote adherence, including motivational interviewing techniques, structured follow-up consultations, and tailored interventions to address barriers to adherence.

Evaluation of treatment outcomes

For robust pharmacotherapy efficacy and safety evaluation, the program provides guidance on selecting and applying clinical outcome measures, including clinical endpoints and quality-of-life assessments. It also offers advanced training in analyzing clinical data and outcomes, equipping pharmacists to make evidence-based recommendations for therapeutic adjustments.

The professors also stressed the importance of accurate and comprehensive documentation practices to capture patient progress, medication changes, and clinical recommendations effectively. They encouraged participation in quality improvement projects based on documented outcomes to enhance pharmacy practice and patient care.

Clinical Pharmacy Practice in the University

To bridge theoretical knowledge with practical applications within a university context, fostering the development of essential clinical skills.

Overview of the university environment

The school offers an engaging session to familiarize students with its rich history, comprehensive curriculum, state-of-the-art facilities, dedicated faculty, and advanced professional laboratories. This introduction provides a valuable opportunity to understand the exceptional learning environment we provide.

Laboratory Practice

Hands-on experience in pharmaceutical compounding

• Formulation development: This component provides practitioners with in-depth opportunities to formulate diverse dosage forms such as solutions, ointments, and tablets. It emphasizes the critical selection of excipients and advanced techniques to optimize product stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic effectiveness.

• Personalized medicine: An exploration of compounding practices tailored to individual patient needs, including dosage adjustments and specialty formulations for patients with unique medical conditions or sensitivities.

Quality control in pharmaceutical practice

• Quality assurance principles: Education on quality assurance and quality control concepts in pharmaceutical manufacturing is essential, highlighting the importance of adhering to good manufacturing practices (GMP).

• Testing and validation: Training includes testing and validating pharmaceutical formulations, focusing on physical, chemical, and microbiological testing methods to ensure product safety and efficacy.

• Standard operating procedures (SOPs): Participants will familiarize themselves with developing and implementing SOPs for laboratory practices, emphasizing compliance with regulatory standards and industry best practices.

Analysis of pharmaceutical formulations

• Analytical techniques: Exposure to a range of analytical methodologies commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and mass spectrometry (MS). Practical training in the quantitative and qualitative analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients.

• Data interpretation: Comprehensive instruction on interpreting analytical data, including the analysis of chromatograms and the statistical evaluation of results, to enhance the formulation development process.

Training in laboratory techniques

• Instrument operation: Advanced training in the operation and maintenance of essential analytical instruments, emphasizing methodologies to ensure measurement accuracy and precision.

• Safety protocols: A strong focus on laboratory safety protocols, including correctly handling hazardous substances, waste management practices, and emergency response procedures to maintain a secure working environment.

• Collaborative research: Engagement in multidisciplinary research projects, enabling students to apply their laboratory competencies in practical applications and contribute to ongoing investigations in pharmaceutical sciences.

Research Training in the College of Pharmacy

To equip students with the necessary skills and methodologies for conducting meaningful research in the pharmaceutical field. The professionals provide the students with an overview of the research trends and priorities within the pharmaceutical sciences, helping them understand the research process, including formulation and study design. They also guide the design of proposals, including selecting appropriate methodologies and statistical approaches and training in data collection techniques, ensuring rigor and ethical considerations are addressed.

Instructions on scientific data searching and writing

Each research topic requires a certain level of background knowledge. These courses teach students to find relevant information from reliable open platforms and guide them in synthesizing their findings into a scientific manuscript. For instance, understanding how to construct an effective keyword query is essential for conducting meta-analysis research.

• Emphasize the significance of clarity in scientific writing: avoiding jargon, ensuring a logical flow, and adopting a concise yet comprehensive approach. It is essential to convey ideas straightforwardly while maintaining the depth of the subject matter.

• Research reporting: Guidelines for writing different research reports (e.g., review articles, case studies, and original research articles) tailored for various academic and professional audiences.

Development of presentation skills

• Effective communication techniques: Training in structuring presentations for effectively communicating research aims, methodologies, results, and conclusions to various audiences, including academic peers, industry professionals, and non-specialist stakeholders.

• Visual and verbal clarity: Strategies for creating effective visual aids, including graphs, tables, and slides, and improving verbal clarity to boost understanding and engagement.

Here are the experience reports from Chungnam National University students who participated in a student exchange program at the University of Münster, Germany. During the four-week program, these students actively engaged in learning and exploration, acquiring new knowledge while effectively comparing the clinical pharmacy facilities in Korea, particularly at Chungnam National University, with those in Germany.

Chungnam National University Students to Internationals

The student had the opportunity to attend lectures and conduct research at the Department of Pharmacy at the University of Münster in Germany. Additionally, they visited German university hospitals and local pharmacies to gain insights into the German pharmaceutical system. This experience allowed the student to reflect on the similarities and differences between the German and Korean pharmaceutical systems. The student also considered how this overseas practicum in Germany could be beneficial for future career paths. The students met and were introduced to the curriculum of German pharmacy universities.

Visiting Munster University Hospital - Germany

The students are fascinated when they see where the medicines are stored; compared to hospitals in Korea, the size of the place is incomparably large. They also get to see an automated medication delivery process.

Visiting a pharmacy in Germany

The students visited Hohenzollern Pharmacy, a pharmacy in the Münster area and learned about the German pharmacy system and compared to Korea.

Visiting Munster University laboratories

The lab training session involved meeting the professor, and the Ph. D.s in each lab introduced their research topics and explained the lab environment and various devices used in the research. In the biology lab, research was conducted to find a substance that could treat malaria using specific herbal medicine. In the pharmaceutical science lab, some Ph. D.s showed the students how to use the equipment and what kind of environment to conduct the experiments. The Ph. D.s from the clinical pharmacy lab explained their ongoing research projects, such as collaborating with hospitals to collect children’s blood samples to find compounds to treat children’s skin diseases.

Lectures, seminars and experimental classes

The students took classes in various fields, including microscopy and pharmaceutical biology/phytochemistry experiment classes, and experienced different basic techniques. After class, they would make brief reports of what they had learned and experienced and what discoveries and suggestions might be applied to their own University back in Korea.

International Students to Chungnam National University

The CNU program invited four Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy (Vietnam) students to have a four-week exchange program at Chungnam College of Pharmacy.

Introduction to Chungnam National University

The program offers several liberal arts courses, including philosophy, global management, global leadership, and Korean culture and language. The students also visited CNU, where a medical-pharmacy system works flexibly and smoothly.

Visiting Chungnam College of Pharmacy

The students were introduced to many pharmacy practice courses in various majors: pharmacognosy, pharmaceutics, medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, molecular pharmacology, analytical chemistry, and clinical pharmacy. In each laboratory, they were offered short practice courses led by the lab’s professionals, and all the experiment processes were carefully monitored and instructed.

Approaching clinical pharmacy research field

The Clinical Pharmacy Faculty consists of specific fields that contribute to drug development, specifically personalized pharmacotherapy using pharmacometrics to optimize dosing regimens using pharmacometrics tools by identifying patient factors that impact exposure and response; using electronic medical record data after analyzing real-world data, researchers aim to achieve pharmacotherapy to meet specific patient needs, enhancing therapeutic outcomes and minimizing adverse reactions; building models which inform drug development via modeling and simulation tool; and conducting systematic reviews and meta-analysis for reaching an overall understanding of the evidence in a statistical synthesis. Students also visited community and hospital pharmacy.

The international practical training exchange program at Chungnam National University (CNU) enhances clinical pharmacy education for international students and strengthens cross-cultural professional ties within the pharmacy field. This comprehensive program includes hospital practice, university-based clinical training, and research engagement, equipping students with essential competencies in real-world patient care, a deep understanding of diverse healthcare systems, and exposure to advanced research methodologies.

Exchange programs offer valuable opportunities for professional development and adaptability by exposing students to diverse healthcare systems. Collaborating with institutions in Germany and Vietnam enhances their cultural competence, preparing them to provide effective patient care. This program aligns with global health standards and emphasizes cross-disciplinary collaboration, making it an effective model for training future pharmacists.

In the past, exchange programs were conducted sporadically and operated flexibly based on available funding. We have now organized the exchange programs for incoming international students into three distinct categories: programs A, B, and C. Additionally, by implementing a more systematic approach for our students traveling abroad, we aim to operate these programs more consistently and stably annually. Due to limitations in pharmacy practice licenses across countries, it is challenging for students to engage in practical training at actual hospitals or community pharmacies. However, gaining experience in various healthcare settings is expected to enhance their global perspective as pharmacists.

While the program has demonstrated significant benefits, challenges remain regarding the sustainability and expansion of exchange partnerships beyond Asia and Europe. Future efforts should focus on increasing participation from a broader range of countries, particularly those in underrepresented regions, to enrich the learning experience. Additionally, establishing metrics for long-term outcomes could provide quantifiable evidence of the program’s impact on professional competency and career progression in clinical pharmacy.

This study was supported by Chungnam National University, Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No.RS-2022-00155857, Artificial Intelligence Convergence Innovation Human Resources Development [Chungnam National University]), National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT; No. RS-2023-00278597, NRF-2022R1A2C1010929, NRF2022R1A5A7085156), Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) through Core Technology Development Project for Environmental Diseases Prevention and Management (RS-2021-KE001333), funded by the Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE), and a grant of the Korea Machine Learning Ledger Orchestration for Drug Discovery Project (K-MELLODDY), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare and Ministry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea (grant number : RS-2024-00460694).

We appreciate professor Thomas J. Schmidt at institute for pharmaceutical biology and phytochemistry in University of Münster for great support of establishment of pharmacy collaboration between University of Münster and Chungnam National University.

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

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Article

Original Article

R Clin Pharm 2024; 2(2): 73-81

Published online December 31, 2024 https://doi.org/10.59931/rcp.24.0010

Copyright © Asian Conference On Clinical Pharmacy.

Lessons From the International Exchange Program for Clinical Pharmacy at a University

Huong Tra Dang1* , Thi La Do1* , Khanh Linh Duong1 , Ngoc-Anh Thi Vu1 , Duc Tuan Cao2 , Nguyen Van Hung3 , Shaun Wen Huey Lee4 , Paul Chi-Lui Ho4 , Jong Seong Kang1 , Hwi-yeol Yun1,5,6 , Jung-woo Chae1,5,6 , Soyoung Lee1

1College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
3Faculty of Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
4School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
5Department of Bio-AI Convergence, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
6Convergence Research Center (CRC), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea

Correspondence to:Hwi-yeol Yun
E-mail hyyun@cnu.ac.kr
ORCID
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8793-2449

Jung-woo Chae
E-mail jwchae@cnu.ac.kr
ORCID
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6026-7063

Soyoung Lee
E-mail sy.lee@cnu.ac.kr
ORCID
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5799-4489

* These authors contributed equally to this study.

Received: December 19, 2024; Revised: December 25, 2024; Accepted: December 25, 2024

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

The international practical training exchange program in clinical pharmacy at Chungnam National University equips pharmacy students and professionals with advanced clinical and research skills through immersive training in different healthcare environments. This program encompasses three core components—clinical pharmacy practice in hospital settings, clinical pharmacy practice in university settings, and research training within the College of Pharmacy—designed to develop clinical competencies, enhance patient-centered care, and foster interdisciplinary collaboration. Participants engage in clinical rotations, laboratory sessions, and active research projects, gaining insights to various international healthcare systems, including partnerships in Germany, Vietnam, Japan, and Malaysia. Based on student feedback and competency evaluations, the program assessment revealed significant improvement in patient assessment, medication management, interdisciplinary communication, and practical skills in pharmaceutical compounding, quality control, and analytical testing. Research training fosters a strong foundation in experimental design and scientific communication, and cross-cultural exposure enhances adaptability and global competence. This program offers a framework for comprehensive clinical pharmacy training aligned with international health standards, promoting cultural awareness, and preparing future pharmacists for the complexities of a globalized healthcare landscape. Future initiatives will include program expansion and evaluation of the long-term effects on participants’ professional growth.

Keywords: International exchange program, Clinical pharmacy, Pharmacy practice, Collaboration

Body

Practical training exchange programs in clinical pharmacy are essential for developing competencies, fostering collaboration, and improving patient outcomes. These programs provide hands-on experience in various healthcare settings, helping pharmacy students and professionals adapt to modern demands. Research highlights the importance of experiential learning in enhancing clinical skills and advancing patient care practices [1].

Practical training in clinical pharmacy is essential for applying theoretical knowledge in real-world settings. Exchange programs expose professionals to diverse treatment protocols and patient populations, enhancing clinical competence. Experiential learning improves pharmacists’ skills in medication management, patient counseling, and collaboration [2]. Training exchanges also facilitate the transfer of knowledge and best practices between institutions, contributing to a higher standard of care across healthcare systems [1].

Practical training exchange programs in clinical pharmacy enhance experience and broaden perspectives by enabling professionals to work with diverse patient populations. This exposure to different regions and healthcare systems is vital for developing adaptive strategies for patient-centered care. Research shows it significantly improves pharmacists’ ability to manage complex cases, highlighting the importance of diverse perspectives in patient care [1].

Clinical pharmacy evolves through drug therapies, guidelines, and healthcare technologies advancements. Training exchanges expose pharmacists to innovative practices and research that enhance evidence-based care, improving health outcomes. This knowledge exchange fosters innovation and advances clinical pharmacy practice [1].

The primary goal of clinical pharmacy is to enhance patient outcomes through safe medication use. Practical training exchanges offer pharmacists hands-on experience in clinical settings, allowing them to improve their skills in medication therapy management and patient counseling. Research shows that experiential learning helps pharmacists identify and prevent medication errors, enhancing patient safety [2].

Chungnam National University (CNU) has expanded the international practical training program to improve and develop students’ and staffs’ professional skills and practical experience. This article aims to present highlights of the training program that the pharmacy school has been implementing and the direction of program development in the future.

Overview of the Overseas Practical Training Institutes

Over the years, CNU has cultivated a robust foundation in international collaboration within clinical pharmacy. The university fosters academic exchange, practical training, and research cooperation. These initiatives reflect CNU’s commitment to enhancing its educational and research frameworks on a global scale, ensuring that students benefit from a rich tapestry of experiences and perspectives offered by partner institutions worldwide.

CNU cultivated partnerships with esteemed universities and institutions worldwide in the initial stages of its international exchange initiatives. A noteworthy collaboration was established with the University of Münster in Germany [3], emphasizing joint research efforts and the reciprocal exchange of faculty and students. This partnership gave CNU students valuable opportunities to engage in clinical pharmacy practices within a European healthcare framework. The two organizations have collaborated to conduct two studies in the pharmaceutical field so far. The first study focused on the anti-protozoal activities of cembrane-type diterpenes derived from Vietnamese soft corals, highlighting their potential for discovering new lead compounds with anti-protozoal properties [4]. The second study aimed to identify the phenolic constituents of medicinal plants that exhibit activity against Trypanosoma brucei [5].

Additionally, CNU forged partnerships with Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy (HPMU) [6] and, later, Phenikka University in Vietnam [7]. These collaborations were rooted in shared academic goals and mutual knowledge exchange. They helped strengthen CNU’s understanding of the Asian healthcare system, particularly in Vietnam’s rapidly evolving pharmacy field. CNU and HPMU have collaborated on several studies, including the following: predicting the pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions of rivaroxaban [8], evaluating the clinical interaction between acetaminophen and Galgeuntang [9], designing molecular structures of anticancer drugs derived from marine fungi [10], exploring the biological activities of constituents from the sea cucumber-derived Aspergillus fumigatus [11], and sharing experiences in pharmacy education [12].

In addition, the school has expanded and has a relationship with the National University of Singapore, further opening rich student experiences. Singapore is also one of the countries that applies the most modern and updated technology in pharmacology and clinical pharmacology in the Asian region and the world in general. While some partnerships with institutions in China and Japan were initiated, they remained less developed than those with Germany and Vietnam. However, these early efforts laid the groundwork for potential future expansion.

Monash University Malaysia is a prestigious institution known for its strong programs in pharmacy and healthcare. The university focuses on innovation and practical learning, making it a valuable partner for international collaborations. Chungnam National University aims to strengthen ties with Munich University Malaysia through the international exchange program for clinical pharmacy, promoting academic opportunities, knowledge exchange, and cultural understanding in clinical pharmacy education.

Practical Training Exchange Period

The school has established a student exchange program to expand students’ knowledge and practical skills, specifically in clinical pharmacy. Since 2018, we have sent students to universities worldwide, fostering global partnerships with institutions such as Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy (Vietnam) and the University of Munster. This program broadens students’ academic horizons and connects them to a larger community of scholars.

Chungnam National University Pharmacy International Program

There are three types of courses in the international exchange program for international students visiting Chungnam National University [13].

-Type A: 1 week (short-term session for international students). This is a Short-term session for Winter break (approximately the first week in February), the main theme of the course will be lectures and hands-on workshops for clinical research (e.g., pharmacometrics, model-based meta-analysis, systematic review)

-Type B: 4 weeks (summer session for international students), approximately held early in July. It is a collaborative program between the pharmacy and the CNU International Affairs team (CNU-AIT).

-Type C: Around 15 weeks (long-term session for international students), it can be started every March or September; the students will attend mandatory pharmacy practices in graduate courses and Intensified pharmacy practice.

Over the years, CNU has actively engaged in an international exchange program (Table 1). This initiative allows students from other universities to visit and explore the principles of clinical pharmacy in Korea. Conversely, Korean students at CNU also can participate in global experiences and discover the latest advancements in their field. The mutual exchange of pharmacy students has significantly increased, with the exception of the COVID-19 period (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Number of students attending the international exchange program from 2018–2024.
**Expected number of students in 2025.

Table 1 . International training practice program between CNU and international institutes.

YearCountryInstitutionTypeNumber of
the students
From CNU2019VietnamHai Phong University of Medicine and PharmacySummer program4
2020GermanyWestfaliche Wilhelms-Universtat MunsterSpring program4
2022AmericanSUNY StonyBrook UniversitySummer program1
2023GermanyWestfaliche Wilhelms-Universtat MunsterSummer program4
2025Vietnam
Malaysia
Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Monash University Malaysia
Winter program10
2025GermanyWestfaliche Wilhelms-Universtat MunsterSummer program4
To CNU2018GermanyWestfaliche Wilhelms-Universtat MunsterA*2
2019VietnamHai Phong University of Medicine and PharmacyB*2
2019JapanNiigata University of Pharmacy and Medical and Life SciencesB*2
2024VietnamHai Phong University of Medicine and PharmacyB*4
2025Germany
Vietnam
Malaysia
Westfaliche Wilhelms-Universtat Munster
Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Phenikka University
Monash University Malaysia
A*17

*Type in CNU international exchange program for international students to CNU..


PRACTICAL TRAINING CONTENT

Chungnam National University is currently conducting an inter-university student exchange program. It not only strengthens the relationship between universities but also provides students with the practical benefits of acquiring new and updated research knowledge, focusing on developing the field of clinical pharmacy. The training generally focuses on the following areas: clinical pharmacy practice in hospital settings, clinical pharmacy practice in the College of Pharmacy settings, and research training in the College of Pharmacy practice.

Clinical Pharmacy Practice in the University Hospital

The program aims to provide students with the foundational knowledge and practical skills necessary for effective clinical pharmacy practice in hospitals.

Introduction to the hospital environment

The organizational structure of hospitals includes departments such as emergency services, inpatient care, outpatient services, and specialty units. It is essential to understand the roles of healthcare professionals, physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and allied health staff—and their patient contributions care through collaboration in multidisciplinary teams.

Clinical pharmacists are key members of these teams. They optimize medication therapy and educate healthcare professionals. They focus on individualized pharmacotherapy, ensuring that medication plans meet specific patient needs and integrating pharmacotherapy with overall treatment strategies.

Patient assessment and counseling

Enhancing active listening, empathy, and cultural competence to improve interactions with diverse patient populations. Focuses on clear and concise methods for conveying complex medication information to patients and families, emphasizing teach-back techniques for better comprehension and retention.

Providing guidelines for conducting comprehensive medication reviews. These reviews aim to identify therapeutic objectives, evaluate the appropriateness of prescribed medications, and recognize potential barriers to patient adherence. Developing the skills to create personalized therapeutic plans considering patient-specific factors, including age, comorbidities, and concurrent therapies.

Medication management practices

Educating healthcare professionals on the significance of medication reconciliation during care transitions, including admission, transfer, and discharge processes. Providing training on using clinical tools and resources to identify and manage potential drug-drug interactions, ensuring patient safety and therapeutic effectiveness.

They are employing targeted educational interventions to improve patients’ comprehension of their pharmacotherapy. This includes focusing on medication indications, dosing schedules, potential adverse effects, and strategies to enhance adherence. They also utilize evidence-based approaches to evaluate and promote adherence, including motivational interviewing techniques, structured follow-up consultations, and tailored interventions to address barriers to adherence.

Evaluation of treatment outcomes

For robust pharmacotherapy efficacy and safety evaluation, the program provides guidance on selecting and applying clinical outcome measures, including clinical endpoints and quality-of-life assessments. It also offers advanced training in analyzing clinical data and outcomes, equipping pharmacists to make evidence-based recommendations for therapeutic adjustments.

The professors also stressed the importance of accurate and comprehensive documentation practices to capture patient progress, medication changes, and clinical recommendations effectively. They encouraged participation in quality improvement projects based on documented outcomes to enhance pharmacy practice and patient care.

Clinical Pharmacy Practice in the University

To bridge theoretical knowledge with practical applications within a university context, fostering the development of essential clinical skills.

Overview of the university environment

The school offers an engaging session to familiarize students with its rich history, comprehensive curriculum, state-of-the-art facilities, dedicated faculty, and advanced professional laboratories. This introduction provides a valuable opportunity to understand the exceptional learning environment we provide.

Laboratory Practice

Hands-on experience in pharmaceutical compounding

• Formulation development: This component provides practitioners with in-depth opportunities to formulate diverse dosage forms such as solutions, ointments, and tablets. It emphasizes the critical selection of excipients and advanced techniques to optimize product stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic effectiveness.

• Personalized medicine: An exploration of compounding practices tailored to individual patient needs, including dosage adjustments and specialty formulations for patients with unique medical conditions or sensitivities.

Quality control in pharmaceutical practice

• Quality assurance principles: Education on quality assurance and quality control concepts in pharmaceutical manufacturing is essential, highlighting the importance of adhering to good manufacturing practices (GMP).

• Testing and validation: Training includes testing and validating pharmaceutical formulations, focusing on physical, chemical, and microbiological testing methods to ensure product safety and efficacy.

• Standard operating procedures (SOPs): Participants will familiarize themselves with developing and implementing SOPs for laboratory practices, emphasizing compliance with regulatory standards and industry best practices.

Analysis of pharmaceutical formulations

• Analytical techniques: Exposure to a range of analytical methodologies commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and mass spectrometry (MS). Practical training in the quantitative and qualitative analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients.

• Data interpretation: Comprehensive instruction on interpreting analytical data, including the analysis of chromatograms and the statistical evaluation of results, to enhance the formulation development process.

Training in laboratory techniques

• Instrument operation: Advanced training in the operation and maintenance of essential analytical instruments, emphasizing methodologies to ensure measurement accuracy and precision.

• Safety protocols: A strong focus on laboratory safety protocols, including correctly handling hazardous substances, waste management practices, and emergency response procedures to maintain a secure working environment.

• Collaborative research: Engagement in multidisciplinary research projects, enabling students to apply their laboratory competencies in practical applications and contribute to ongoing investigations in pharmaceutical sciences.

Research Training in the College of Pharmacy

To equip students with the necessary skills and methodologies for conducting meaningful research in the pharmaceutical field. The professionals provide the students with an overview of the research trends and priorities within the pharmaceutical sciences, helping them understand the research process, including formulation and study design. They also guide the design of proposals, including selecting appropriate methodologies and statistical approaches and training in data collection techniques, ensuring rigor and ethical considerations are addressed.

Instructions on scientific data searching and writing

Each research topic requires a certain level of background knowledge. These courses teach students to find relevant information from reliable open platforms and guide them in synthesizing their findings into a scientific manuscript. For instance, understanding how to construct an effective keyword query is essential for conducting meta-analysis research.

• Emphasize the significance of clarity in scientific writing: avoiding jargon, ensuring a logical flow, and adopting a concise yet comprehensive approach. It is essential to convey ideas straightforwardly while maintaining the depth of the subject matter.

• Research reporting: Guidelines for writing different research reports (e.g., review articles, case studies, and original research articles) tailored for various academic and professional audiences.

Development of presentation skills

• Effective communication techniques: Training in structuring presentations for effectively communicating research aims, methodologies, results, and conclusions to various audiences, including academic peers, industry professionals, and non-specialist stakeholders.

• Visual and verbal clarity: Strategies for creating effective visual aids, including graphs, tables, and slides, and improving verbal clarity to boost understanding and engagement.

PRACTICAL TRAINING CASES REPORTS

Here are the experience reports from Chungnam National University students who participated in a student exchange program at the University of Münster, Germany. During the four-week program, these students actively engaged in learning and exploration, acquiring new knowledge while effectively comparing the clinical pharmacy facilities in Korea, particularly at Chungnam National University, with those in Germany.

Chungnam National University Students to Internationals

The student had the opportunity to attend lectures and conduct research at the Department of Pharmacy at the University of Münster in Germany. Additionally, they visited German university hospitals and local pharmacies to gain insights into the German pharmaceutical system. This experience allowed the student to reflect on the similarities and differences between the German and Korean pharmaceutical systems. The student also considered how this overseas practicum in Germany could be beneficial for future career paths. The students met and were introduced to the curriculum of German pharmacy universities.

Visiting Munster University Hospital - Germany

The students are fascinated when they see where the medicines are stored; compared to hospitals in Korea, the size of the place is incomparably large. They also get to see an automated medication delivery process.

Visiting a pharmacy in Germany

The students visited Hohenzollern Pharmacy, a pharmacy in the Münster area and learned about the German pharmacy system and compared to Korea.

Visiting Munster University laboratories

The lab training session involved meeting the professor, and the Ph. D.s in each lab introduced their research topics and explained the lab environment and various devices used in the research. In the biology lab, research was conducted to find a substance that could treat malaria using specific herbal medicine. In the pharmaceutical science lab, some Ph. D.s showed the students how to use the equipment and what kind of environment to conduct the experiments. The Ph. D.s from the clinical pharmacy lab explained their ongoing research projects, such as collaborating with hospitals to collect children’s blood samples to find compounds to treat children’s skin diseases.

Lectures, seminars and experimental classes

The students took classes in various fields, including microscopy and pharmaceutical biology/phytochemistry experiment classes, and experienced different basic techniques. After class, they would make brief reports of what they had learned and experienced and what discoveries and suggestions might be applied to their own University back in Korea.

International Students to Chungnam National University

The CNU program invited four Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy (Vietnam) students to have a four-week exchange program at Chungnam College of Pharmacy.

Introduction to Chungnam National University

The program offers several liberal arts courses, including philosophy, global management, global leadership, and Korean culture and language. The students also visited CNU, where a medical-pharmacy system works flexibly and smoothly.

Visiting Chungnam College of Pharmacy

The students were introduced to many pharmacy practice courses in various majors: pharmacognosy, pharmaceutics, medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, molecular pharmacology, analytical chemistry, and clinical pharmacy. In each laboratory, they were offered short practice courses led by the lab’s professionals, and all the experiment processes were carefully monitored and instructed.

Approaching clinical pharmacy research field

The Clinical Pharmacy Faculty consists of specific fields that contribute to drug development, specifically personalized pharmacotherapy using pharmacometrics to optimize dosing regimens using pharmacometrics tools by identifying patient factors that impact exposure and response; using electronic medical record data after analyzing real-world data, researchers aim to achieve pharmacotherapy to meet specific patient needs, enhancing therapeutic outcomes and minimizing adverse reactions; building models which inform drug development via modeling and simulation tool; and conducting systematic reviews and meta-analysis for reaching an overall understanding of the evidence in a statistical synthesis. Students also visited community and hospital pharmacy.

DISCUSSION

The international practical training exchange program at Chungnam National University (CNU) enhances clinical pharmacy education for international students and strengthens cross-cultural professional ties within the pharmacy field. This comprehensive program includes hospital practice, university-based clinical training, and research engagement, equipping students with essential competencies in real-world patient care, a deep understanding of diverse healthcare systems, and exposure to advanced research methodologies.

Exchange programs offer valuable opportunities for professional development and adaptability by exposing students to diverse healthcare systems. Collaborating with institutions in Germany and Vietnam enhances their cultural competence, preparing them to provide effective patient care. This program aligns with global health standards and emphasizes cross-disciplinary collaboration, making it an effective model for training future pharmacists.

In the past, exchange programs were conducted sporadically and operated flexibly based on available funding. We have now organized the exchange programs for incoming international students into three distinct categories: programs A, B, and C. Additionally, by implementing a more systematic approach for our students traveling abroad, we aim to operate these programs more consistently and stably annually. Due to limitations in pharmacy practice licenses across countries, it is challenging for students to engage in practical training at actual hospitals or community pharmacies. However, gaining experience in various healthcare settings is expected to enhance their global perspective as pharmacists.

While the program has demonstrated significant benefits, challenges remain regarding the sustainability and expansion of exchange partnerships beyond Asia and Europe. Future efforts should focus on increasing participation from a broader range of countries, particularly those in underrepresented regions, to enrich the learning experience. Additionally, establishing metrics for long-term outcomes could provide quantifiable evidence of the program’s impact on professional competency and career progression in clinical pharmacy.

FUNDING

This study was supported by Chungnam National University, Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No.RS-2022-00155857, Artificial Intelligence Convergence Innovation Human Resources Development [Chungnam National University]), National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT; No. RS-2023-00278597, NRF-2022R1A2C1010929, NRF2022R1A5A7085156), Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) through Core Technology Development Project for Environmental Diseases Prevention and Management (RS-2021-KE001333), funded by the Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE), and a grant of the Korea Machine Learning Ledger Orchestration for Drug Discovery Project (K-MELLODDY), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare and Ministry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea (grant number : RS-2024-00460694).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We appreciate professor Thomas J. Schmidt at institute for pharmaceutical biology and phytochemistry in University of Münster for great support of establishment of pharmacy collaboration between University of Münster and Chungnam National University.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Fig 1.

Figure 1.Number of students attending the international exchange program from 2018–2024.
**Expected number of students in 2025.
Research in Clinical Pharmacy 2024; 2: 73-81https://doi.org/10.59931/rcp.24.0010

Table 1 International training practice program between CNU and international institutes

YearCountryInstitutionTypeNumber of
the students
From CNU2019VietnamHai Phong University of Medicine and PharmacySummer program4
2020GermanyWestfaliche Wilhelms-Universtat MunsterSpring program4
2022AmericanSUNY StonyBrook UniversitySummer program1
2023GermanyWestfaliche Wilhelms-Universtat MunsterSummer program4
2025Vietnam
Malaysia
Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Monash University Malaysia
Winter program10
2025GermanyWestfaliche Wilhelms-Universtat MunsterSummer program4
To CNU2018GermanyWestfaliche Wilhelms-Universtat MunsterA*2
2019VietnamHai Phong University of Medicine and PharmacyB*2
2019JapanNiigata University of Pharmacy and Medical and Life SciencesB*2
2024VietnamHai Phong University of Medicine and PharmacyB*4
2025Germany
Vietnam
Malaysia
Westfaliche Wilhelms-Universtat Munster
Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Phenikka University
Monash University Malaysia
A*17

*Type in CNU international exchange program for international students to CNU.


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Asian Conference On Clinical Pharmacy

Vol.2 No.2
December 2024

eISSN 2983-0745
Frequency: Biannual

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